Synthesis of ZnO nanostructures films by a co-precipitation followed by the deposition processed onto a glass substrate by spin-coating technique was carried out. The effect of annealing temperatures (from 250 to 325 ° C for 30 min) on the structural and optical properties of the ZnO films have been investigated. The structural studies reveal that ZnO films are polycrystalline with hexagonal wurtzite structure. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data show a better crystallinity at (101) crystal plane for the annealed films at 300 ° C than the other ZnO films. The average grain size increases (from 31 to 36 nm) with an increase in annealing temperatures. The band gap energy is approximately 3. 40 eV for the as-prepared films and varies from 3. 25 to 3. 18 eV with an increase in annealing temperatures. The photoluminescence (PL) results show a weak ultraviolet and relatively broad visible emissions respect to various Defect structures in the ZnO films, in which the interstitial and vacancy oxygen are the main factors influencing the electronic properties in the whole ZnO films.

The aim of the present study was the histological evaluation of Enamel Matrix Derivative (EMD) effectiveness for regeneration of periodontal Defects. EMD activates cementum synthesis, PDL and bone during the maturation stage of follicole. In this research, EMD was used in surgical Defects of premolar teeth in four adult sheep. Muccoperiosteal flap was reflected in buccal site of teeth. The buccal bone plate was removed from mesial to distal in 4 mm depth. After eliminating the cementum by bur and its etching, EMD was applied on exposed dentine and flap was sutured. In opposite sites of those teeth (control sites) the same process was performed without etching. After 100 days, sheep were sacrificed and histological study through light microscopic was performed on black sections of operation sites. The results showed that in test sites, regeneration of cementum and bone was 62/5% and 42/5-50% respectively. But in control sites regeneration of cementum and bone was 37.5% and 32/5-42/5% respectively. Also the migration of junctional epithelium in control sites was 8-10% more than test sites. The important point is that in test sites, cementum was completely attached to undermining dentine. But, in control sites, the gap between cementum and dentine was visible. As a result, this study suggests that EMD promotes periodontal regeneration, and EMD application is a successful achievement in regenerative periodontal therapy.

Statement of Problem: The goal of bone regenerative therapy is to reconstruct the damaged tissues to initial condition, which seems so important in periodontology and implantology. In such therapies, different biomaterials, with some advantages and disadvantages, may by use.Purpose: The aim of this research was to evaluate the quality, bone trabecular density and thickness of newly forming bone as well as foreign body reaction against Biostite®, in comparison with the control group.Material and Methods: In this experimental study the total number of 5 sheep was operated with general anesthesia. At first 10 standard Defects were created in 5x5x5 mm on the left and right edentulous mandibular ridge. Five Defects were randomly treated by Biostite®, the remaining five were considered as controls. After six months, the sheep were sacrificed and the separated Defect areas with intact margin were placed in 10% formalin and prepared for histologic and histomorphometric study. To analyze the data, Mann- Whitney U test was used.Results: The mean percentage of new bone formation in Biostite®group was statistically more han the control group (P<0.05). Newly formed bone was vital in both groups which was a combination of lamellar and woven types, however, the thickness and density of new bone in biostite® group was more than the controls. Foreign body reaction was observed in Biostite® group. Conclusion: It is suggested that Biostite® synthetic material can be useful in bone regenerative therapies.

Application of regulators in production of pot plants have been increasing due to lowering growth, improving branching and the number of flowering branches. In order to study the effect of levels and application method of trinexapac-ethyl regulator on height control and morphophysiological characteristics and flowering of Zinnia elegans, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was performed. Zinnias seedlings were planted in polyethylene pots and subjected to trinexapac-ethyl with levels of zero, 2×10-3, 1×10-3, 0.5×10-3 and 4.5×10-4 g when the first bud emerged. Trinexapac-ethyl was applied in both foliar spray and soil application. According to the results, 1×10-3 and 2×10-3g trinexapac-ethyl caused significant reduction in plant height. As trinexapac-ethyl level increased, number of branches and flowers were increased accordingly most of which was under the latter treatment. Branch length and leaf number was not affected. The concentrations 1×10-3 and 2×10-3g increased chlorophyll and shoots sugars, but not on root. Similarly, soil application of Trinexapac-ethyl did not showed positive effects. In light of obtained results, foliar spray application of Trinexapac-ethyl may serve as a suitable way to produce dwarf and pot Zinnia elegans  ‘State fair mix’. Based on the obtained results, application of Trinexapac-ethyl as foliar application can control and reduce the height of the Zinnia elegans ‘State fair mix’.

Purpose: To evaluate 10 cases of corneal epithelial Defect who were treated with cyanoacrylate glue temporary tarsorrhaphy.Materials & Methods: We used cyanoacrylate glue (razi supper glue) tarsocilliorraphy for the management of patients with corneal persistent epithelial Defects (PED) with several etiologies who did not respond to other commercial treatments such as lubricants, artificial tears and patching. The cyanoacrylate glue was placed on the lateral one third of anterior lamella of lid margin and base of the cilia after preparastion with povidone iodine 5%, patients underwent a 14 days follow up for epithelial Defect and tarsocilliorraphy prospectively.Results: 10 patients (8 males, 2 females) aged 52.1 (range: 12-81) years were evaluated prospectively after cyanoacrylate glue tarsocilliorraphy. Tarsocilliorraphy maintained 12.1 (range: 4-20) days and the mean period of epithelial Defect healing was 11.2 (range: 3-20) days.Conclusion: We concluded the cyanoacrylate glue tarsocilliorraphy is an effective and safe method for the treatment of corneal persistent epithelial Defect (PED) due to neurotrophic ulcer, exposure keratopathy and any epithelial Defects not responded to commercial treatment.

The lingual mandibular bone Defect, which is also known as Stafne’s bone Defect, is a rare entity commonly affecting the posterior lingual part of the mandible. Although this lesion usually contains normal connective tissue compartments, it may be misinterpreted as tumor like lesions. In this manuscript, based on the density analysis of the CT images and through use of a simplified quantification system, a novel approach has been introduced which attempts to differentiate the benign nature of the Defect.